Source - Ei R2026-02 Utvecklingen av Smarta Elnät (2025)

Type: Official national monitoring report
Authors: Energimarknadsinspektionen (Ei); project lead: Linn Sjöström; director: Ulrika Hesslow
Report number: Ei R2026:02
Date: December 2025 (Eskilstuna)
Legal basis: Electricity Directive 2019/944, Art. 59.1(l)
Frequency: Biennial (this is the first report in the series)

Summary

Ei’s first biennial report monitoring and evaluating the development of smart grids in Sweden, as mandated by the Electricity Directive. The report uses 11 indicators across three categories — Förutsättning (preconditions), Användning (use), and Prestation (performance) — derived from DSO reporting. Data primarily covers 2023 and 2024, with longer historical series for some indicators. Because the specific smart grid reporting has only been collected for two years, many findings must be interpreted cautiously; the report explicitly notes data limitations.

The report’s primary audience is the sector and regulators; its findings feed into future EU-level comparisons (ACER/CEER are developing common EU-wide smart grid indicators, to be presented in June 2026).

Indicator framework

Three categories, 11 indicators:

Förutsättning (preconditions)

Användning (use)

Prestation (performance)

REL = lokalnät; RER = regionnät; RET = transmissionsnät

Key findings by indicator

Lokalt installerad produktion

• ~300,000 subscriptions for generation/storage injection in lokalnät as of 2024, up from near zero in 2000; steep growth especially after 2015
• ~250,000 household customers fed into LV network in 2024 (prosumers)
• Majority of subscriptions are mikroproduktionsanläggningar (≤43.5 kW)
• Relative growth in lokalnät 170% since 2013 (though regional/transmission levels have higher absolute injection volumes)

Total kapacitet av anslutet energilager

• Marked increase from 2023 to 2024: 36 → 57 DSOs report directly connected energy storage; 80 → 88 DSOs report other customer-owned storage they have knowledge of
• Exact MW figures not disclosed in the public version (shown in figures with raw data)
• Increase signals growing customer-side battery and BESS deployment

Automationsgrad av elnätets stationer

• Lokalnät: more stations have measurement than remote switching or automatic regulation; measurement coverage slightly increased 2023→2024; automatic voltage regulation and remote switching show no significant change; most DSOs lack automatic resectioning
• Regionnät/transmissionsnät: higher automation degree than lokalnät, but high variation between companies; relay protection with remote reading increased ~6% in count; two companies stand out with 32.7% and 15% increases

Användning av flexibilitetstjänster

• 15 DSOs (17 reporting units) have used flexibility services in 2023 or 2024 — either bilateral agreements and/or market-based procurement
• 7 DSOs made dispatch orders from a market (2023 or 2024)
• 13 DSOs had at least one bilateral agreement with producers or consumers
• “Largely the same companies” use both bilateral and market-based approaches
• These companies span all grid levels (local, regional, transmission) and various sizes
• Slight increase in market dispatch orders at lokalnät level from 2023 to 2024; SvK (transmissionsnät) accounts for most production-bilateral dispatches
• Ei conclusion: flexibility use must increase, especially as variable production grows

Användning av dynamisk belastningsbarhet (DLR)

• Only 2 regionnätsföretag use automated DLR as defined (system that both automatically measures and calculates maximum capacity AND automatically operates the line segment based on that information)
• No change between 2023 and 2024 for either company
• One company uses DLR on 1 line segment; the other on 3 line segments
• Ei’s assessment: “tekniken för dynamisk belastningsbarhet kan vara underutnyttjad” — DLR technology may be underutilized; more widespread use has potential to enable more efficient grid use and reduce the need for reinforcements

Nättariffer (time-differentiated tariffs)

• Several DSOs have deployed time-differentiated tariffs but many customers are still not covered by time-based price signals
• No significant change between 2023 and 2024
• Two regionnätsföretag: 100% of customers have time-differentiated tariffs; one: 72%; one: removed their tariff during 2024 (going from 100% to 0%)
• Svenska kraftnät (transmission): 100% of connected customers have time-differentiated tariffs
• Legal deadline: All DSOs must time-differentiate their tariffs by 1 January 2027 (EIFS 2022:1)
• Ei expects the indicator to reach 100% at the 2028 reporting cycle

Leveranssäkerhetsindikatorer (SAIFI/SAIDI/AIT/AIF)

• SAIFI and SAIDI for lokalnät shown 2003–2024: major storm years clearly visible (Gudrun 2005, Per 2007, Dagmar 2011) — especially in SAIDI (interruption duration)
• Regionnät AIT/AIF shown 2006–2024: storm events not clearly visible, suggesting regionnät topology is more robust against weather events
• Transmission (Svk) AIT/AIF shown 2015–2023: few interruptions; some year-to-year variation but low absolute values

Andel nätförluster

• Overall downward trend 2010–2015, then leveling off; some years with higher losses due to increased transmission-level losses
• Network losses rising in the transmission grid since 2010; declining trend at national aggregate level
• Ei notes: an increase in losses is not necessarily negative if the grid is being used more efficiently (higher capacity utilization → higher losses from the same network)

Medellastfaktor

• Data 2016–2024; regionnät consistently lower than lokalnät (except 2016); possible weak declining trend in recent years
• Medellastfaktorn = ratio of daily mean demand to daily peak demand (per 24-hour day, averaged across the year); higher = more even daily load profile

Utnyttjningsgrad

• Data 2021–2024 (2020 data had quality issues)
• Declining trend in regionnät 2021–2024 (continuous decrease each year); lokalnät shows a smaller possible decline
• Utnyttjningsgrad = annual mean demand / mean of the 4 highest hourly peaks
• Ei explanation: increased variable solar/wind production raises import injection (which counts in the denominator) without reducing winter demand peaks proportionally; slower-than-expected industrial electrification also reduces average demand growth
• Ei notes that increased use of flexibility services could improve the indicator

Nyttjandegraden av transformatorer (transmissionsnätet)

• Max load / installed capacity: mean 0.281 (2023) → 0.289 (2024)
• Mean load / max load: mean 0.396 (2023) → 0.403 (2024)
• Interpretation: transformers have significant available capacity on average; load is relatively uneven over time; both values increased slightly 2023→2024

Spänningskvalitet

• Indicator: share of connection points with impedance (förimpedans) above 0.5 and 1.0 ohm
• Lokalnät (LV): generally low share above 1.0 ohm (<0.02 for most DSOs); share above 0.5 ohm below 0.4 with some outliers; no clear trend
• Ei supervision over 5 years found no voltage quality deficiencies at the reviewed companies
• HV/regionnät: very high variation between companies; Ei considers the indicator methodology unsuitable for HV and is reviewing how to measure voltage quality at higher voltages

Ei recommendations (Section 4)

1. DSOs must adapt to the energy transition — electrification brings new load patterns, voltage variations, and both challenges and opportunities
2. Smart grid solutions should be considered as complements — especially flexibility (use must increase), DLR (underutilized), and station automation
3. Time-differentiated tariffs are important — full deployment by 1 January 2027; contributes to more efficient grid utilization
4. DSOs should work for maximum customer benefit — including improved reliability, reduced losses, load leveling, and capacity utilization

Relevance to existing wiki content

Related wiki pages

• Dynamic Line Rating — official 2024 sector baseline; underutilization assessment
• Flexibility Market — official 15-DSO procurement count
• Demand Response — Jan 1, 2027 tariff deadline confirmed
• Distribution System Operator — utilization rate trend; admin landscape
• Ei — this is Ei’s first mandatory biennial reporting under Directive Art. 59.1(l)
• Smart Grid — if a dedicated page is created, this is the primary source