Ei Tillsyn Mätning och Rapportering (PM2024-02)

Full citation: Jisei, D., Carlbom, S. & Carlén, A. Tillsyn mätning och rapportering av el — Planlagd tillsyn 2022–2023. Ei PM2024:02. Eskilstuna: Energimarknadsinspektionen, 5 February 2024.

Summary

Ei’s planned (not indication-driven) supervision report covering three separate compliance areas for Swedish DSOs during 2022–2023: (1) switching measurement method within three months of a customer request, (2) customer notification when starting/taking over electricity delivery, and (3) whether DSOs actually measure, calculate, and report the amount of electricity transmitted (30 DSOs reviewed on measurement-method switching, 8 on customer notifications, 10 on missing values). The third area is the one most relevant to this wiki’s data-infrastructure and load-forecasting coverage: it is a direct regulator audit of DSO metering-data integrity, not a self-report.

Key claims

Missing measurement values (10 companies audited)

• 6 of 10 DSOs exceeded the legal time limit for missing values — 12 days for daily-settled (dygnsavräknade) installations, or more than two reporting occasions for monthly-settled (månadsavräknade) installations. 2 of the 6 had many installations missing values for extended periods.
• Root-cause chain, documented mechanically: during a smart-meter swap, if the replacement can’t be completed as planned, the old meter stays in place; as the surrounding area’s new meters go live, the old communication infrastructure used to collect data from the old meter stops working; the old meter keeps measuring but the DSO does not collect the readings; meters store values for a few months before deleting them (typically the last ~3 months can be downloaded at a meter swap); if collection lapses beyond roughly three months the DSO must calculate values for the gap. Ei names this as the main cause for two of the six DSOs, and as the same root cause as many complaints against the two large DSOs under indication-driven supervision.
• Estimation practice — the flat-profile finding: the calculation starts from known meter readings, and the transmitted energy is usually distributed over periods using the customer’s consumption profile from an earlier period (electricity prices are not taken into account). Ei found that some DSOs instead use a completely flat profile for smaller customers — the same consumption for every quarter-hour, hour, or month. (Wiki inference, not Ei’s finding: such a stretch of interval data carries no real temporal information, so it is a contamination risk for models trained on it; note the mätföreskrifter require calculated values to be flagged as calculated, 7 kap. 6 §/4 kap. 2 §, so whether the flag reaches downstream data users is unverified.)
• Ei explicitly ties the scale of the missing-values problem to the ongoing national smart-meter rollout (deadline 31 December 2024) and notes this is the same root cause behind indication-driven tillsyn cases already open against two large DSOs.
• Unmetered installations persist: despite a 2006 ellagen duty to meter all transmitted electricity, one of the ten audited DSOs reported it lacks metering equipment for several installations and instead reports calculated values agreed with the end customer. Ei states the audit was not designed to catch this specific defect, so it is likely present at other DSOs in the sample too. Ei notes that if transmitted energy is calculated too low, the customer collective pays through higher grid losses; it intends to order the DSO to measure all installations. Separately, one of the six DSOs with excess missing-value time said the values were missing because it had agreed with the customer that the energy would not be measured.
• Disconnected installations: 3 DSOs reported missing values for disconnected (frånkopplade) installations; Ei closed these cases after clarifying that the last known meter reading should be reported (implying zero consumption) once the DSO confirms no electricity can flow at that point.
• Wrong energy resolution: Ei received “strong indications” during 2023 that many DSOs report values at the wrong resolution — one indication-driven case found a DSO metering customers at quarter-hourly/hourly resolution internally but reporting only monthly values to the supplier, contrary to mätföreskrifterna 7 kap. 1 § (report at the same resolution the values were registered). This means metering can exist at the right granularity while still failing to reach downstream users at that granularity.
• Enforcement: Ei has issued förelägganden (formal orders) on measures to the two DSOs with long-running missing values, follows up effects until March 2024, and will then judge whether further förelägganden are needed; such further orders may be combined with vite (penalty). Ei is also running indication-driven supervision of two further large DSOs.
• Ei’s 2024 supervision priorities, stated directly: kvartsmätning (quarter-hour metering), missing values, and correct energy-resolution reporting.

Regulatory chain (context, bilaga 1)

EIFS 2016:2 → EIFS 2023:1 (in force 1 November 2023, together with the amended mätförordningen; the audit itself was conducted under EIFS 2016:2, which Ei describes as the valid regulation during the supervision period) → EIFS 2025:1 (in force 1 June 2025, referenced elsewhere in the wiki via Berättigad part and Submetering). Also notes the metering functional-requirements provisions entering force 1 January 2025, and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1162 (interoperability and non-discriminatory access to metering data) entering into force 5 January 2025.

Relevance to the wiki

Data gaps

• Ei’s 2024 follow-up supervision outcome (kvartsmätning, missing values, energy resolution) — this PM states intent but the follow-up report was not located during this ingest